String Sign

• Regional enteritis( Crohn's disease)
• Parosteal Osteosarcoma
• Carotid dissection
• Hypertropic pyloric stenosos

Drugs causing Interstitial Nephritis

• Cephalosporins
• ciprofloxacin
• allopurinol
• frusemide
• NSAIDs
• methicillin
• phenindione
• rifampicin
• sulphonamides
• thiazides

Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction

• Diabetes mellitus
• Acute intermittent porphyria
• Uremia
• Myxedema
• Trauma to lumbar spine or pelvis
• Burns
• Myocardial infarct
• Stroke
• Retroperitonial irritation- Blood, urine, enzymes, tumor.
• Drugs- Tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, levadopa, laxatives.
• Scleroderma
• Chaga's disease

Dietl's crisis

A sudden attack of acute lumbar and abdominal pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting, caused by kinking of the ureter in persons with wandering kidney.

• Acute glomerulonephritis
• Acute pyelonephritis
• Acute cystourethritis
• Urinary calculus
• Hydronephrosis
• Ectopic Kidney

Cold ischaemia time

• Kidney - <24>
• Liver - <12>
• Pancreas - <10>
• Small intestine - <4>
• Heart - <3>
• Lung - <3>

Acneform eruptions

• Anabolic and androgenic steroids
• Bromides
• Glucocorticoids
• Iodides
• INH
• Oral contraceptive pills

Gas Cylinders

Black with white shoulders- Oxygen- 2,5(pin index)
Blue- nitrous oxide- 3,5
Grey body with black and white shoulders- air- 1,5
Grey- Carbon di oxide- 2,6
Orange- cyclopropane- 3,6
Brown- helium
Blue body with blue and white shoulders- entonox- 7

Waste disposal

Category 1: Human anatomical waste- Incineration/ deep burial.
Category 2: animal waste- Incineration/ deep burial.
Category 3: microbiology and biotechnology- local autoclaving/ micro waving/ incineration.
Category 4: waste sharps- disinfection/ shredding.
Category 5: discarded medicines, cytotoxic drugs- incineration/ secure landfill.
Category 6: solid waste (dressings) - incineration.
Category 7: solid waste (plastics) - chemical disinfection.
Category 8: liquid waste- chemical treatment/ drainage.
Category 9: incineration ash- municipal landfill.
Category 10: chemicals- secure landfill.

Container color
Yellow- plastic bag- category 1, 2, 3, 6.
Red- disinfected container- category 3, 6, 7.
Blue/ white- puncture proof container- category 4, 7.
Black- plastic bag- category 5, 9, 10.

William's syndrome

Idiopathic hypercalcemia of infancy

• Hypercalcemia (abnormal sensitivity to vitamin D)


• Congenital developmental defects –supravalvular aortic stenosis


• Mental retardation


• Elfin facies

Dementia

Reversible

• Wernicke’s encephalopathy


• Hypothyroidism


• Alcoholism


• Depression


• Schizophrenia


• Brain tumor


• Normal pressure hydrocephalous


• Endocrinopathies and organ failure

Irreversible

• Alzheimer’s disease


• Vascular dementia (multi infarct; diffuse white matter disease)


• Parkinson’s disease


• Huntington’s disease


• Pick’s disease


• Dementia with lewy bodies


• Progressive supranuclear palsy


• Hereditary ataxias

Wood's Lamp

Filter used: nickel oxide and silica
Wavelenght: 360 nm (UV Light/ Black Light)

• Erythrasma -coral red
• Taenia capitis -brilliant green
• Pseudomonas infection -pale blue/ green
• Vitelligo -pure white
• Taenia versicolar -dull yellow
• Tuberous sclerosis -blue white
• Porphyria cutanea tarda -pinkish white
  

Amifostine (WR 2721)

Amifostine is an organic thiophosphate cytoprotective agent known chemically as "2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol dihydrogen phosphate" (ester) and has the following structural formula:
H2N(CH2)3NH(CH2)2S-PO3H2
Amifostine is a white crystalline powder which is freely soluble in water. Its empirical formula is C5H15N2O3PS and it has a molecular weight of 214.22.

Category:

• Antineoplastic adjunct
• cytoprotective agent

This medication is used to:

• protect the kidneys against the harmful effects of the cancer-fighting drug cisplatin in patients with ovarian cancer or lung cancerreduce the severe dry mouth caused by radiation treatment after surgery for head and neck cancer.
• Amifostine is in a class of drugs known as chemoprotectants; it protects against the harmful effects of cisplatin and radiation treatment.
• This drug may also be used for prevention of lung damage caused by the use of paclitaxel.
• Amifostine may be effective in relieving numbness, tingling, and other symptoms of peripheral neuropathy

side effects:

• nausea
• vomiting
• flushing (feeling of warmth)
• chills ( feeling of coldness)
• fever
• dizziness or lightheadedness
• drowsiness
• sneezing
• hiccups

Rare side effects:

• shortness of breath
• fainting
• seizures
• chest tightness
• skin rash
• hives
• swelling of the throat

Drug interactions:

• Amantadine (e.g., Symmetrel) or
• Antidepressants (medicine for depression) or
• Antihypertensives (medicine for high blood pressure) or
• Antipsychotics (medicine for mental illness) or
• Beta-adrenergic blocking agents used in the eye, such as betaxolol (e.g., Betoptic), carteolol (e.g., Ocupress), levobunolol (e.g., Betagan), metipranolol (e.g., OptiPranolol), and timolol (e.g., Timoptic), or
• Bromocriptine (e.g., Parlodel) or
• Deferoxamine (e.g., Desferal) or
• Diuretics (water pills) or
• Levodopa (e.g., Dopar) or
• Medicine for heart disease or
• Nabilone (e.g., Cesamet) (with high doses) or
• Narcotic pain medicine or
• Nimodipine (e.g., Nimotop) or
• Pentamidine (e.g., Pentam) or
• Pimozide (e.g., Orap) or
• Promethazine (e.g., Phenergan) or
• Trimeprazine (e.g., Temaril)

Radiosensitisers

• Hydroxyurea
• 5-FU
• Cytarabine
• Cyclophosphamide
• BUDR
• Oxygen
• SR 2508
• Metronidazole
• Misonidazole
• Buthionesulfoxime
• Actinomycin
• Doxorudicin
• Bleomycin

Latest news at RGUHS

I was at the university.
Met the PRO….
I asked him about the Karnataka exams.
Supposedly, they have not yet decided about the exam on 5th Feb.
PPGET is definitely on 12th Feb.
In all probability, PGET will be cancelled and the exam on 12th Feb will have 2 rank lists.
This will be confirmed by the end of the week.
Also, the last day for the issue and submission of forms for PPGET has been postponed to 18th of Jan.
Further updates when available.

Medical Thermography

What is Thermography ?

A 'high tech' scientific medical diagnostic technique.

Uses a digital infrared camera and high speed computer for imaging.
Measures body tissue heat energy. Generally "problem areas" show high temperatures due to increased blood flow and increased metabolic activity.

Major Benefits of a Thermography?

Timeliness

Problems with tissue function can be found before structural abnormalities are seen on mammograms. Early detection provides the best outcomes.

Inclusive

Examines the whole chest, breast and armpit areas. Good for all breast types: young/dense, fibrocystic, women on HRT.

Precise

Locates exact problem area allowing for more precise focus with other medical diagnostic tests: ultrasound, mammogram, MRI.

No Risk

No harmful rays emitted so can be done as often as needed without risk.

No Pain

No squeezing, no pressure, no touching by equipment or technician.